Analyzing And Comprehend Works Of Literature And Math

It’s hard to believe that it’s already the end of the second quarter. Half of my junior year has passed by and the AP Language Composition exam is only a short one-hundred and eighteen days away. But in the past four months, I have been able to develop the skillsets needed to analyze and comprehend works of literature and conquer the AP exam. This second quarter has definitely brought growth in my ability to analyze and comprehend literature; however, I also experienced some stagnation in my writing abilities. Throughout the second quarter, I wrote several different essays in which I was able to develop and see my writing abilities. However, as the quarter progressed, I did not see a clear development in my writing abilities. Instead, my writing abilities fluctuated up and down like a roller coaster cart going up and down the hills. At the end of the first quarter, I had slowly improved my abilities in writing rhetorical analyses. In the last rhetorical essay of the qu arter (Last Child in the Woods by Richard Louv), I was able to recognize and express the rhetorical devices that I found in the article. My explanation for the author’s purpose for a rhetorical device was clear and well worded as shown in the following sentence. â€Å"When people hear this question, they will notice how they don’t watch nature anymore and then realize how they have grown apart from it.† However, there were still lapses in my diction and prose. At some points, my prose was not as elegant as itShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of Interactive Online Algebra Learning Tools1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthe observed differences were not significant enough to conclude a real difference between using interactive graphing tools and not using these tools. To be honest, the discussion of the data obtained from the study is difficult to follow and comprehend because of the terminology used such as â€Å"skewness and kurtosis values,† â€Å"negatively skewed and leptokurtic,† and â€Å"ANOVA using the Type III SS set.† Aside from the research that I did to understand the terminology, I also found that the graphs andRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511113 Words   |  5 Pagesstruggle and hardship. Montag attempts to read books and see what they really mean, but he struggles to comprehend it to due to the lack of literature all his life. This is a perfect representation of how true learning needs the path of sufferance and acknowledgement to truly understand. This is similar to my own experience last year in my Algebra 1 class. It was a relatively a different class than math 8 and I was struggling due to the difficult content. However, after going through the struggle of stayingRead More Philosophy Ess ay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesperforming science experiments, students are more apt to excel when involved in learning experiences that allow them to put their interests and skills to work. Once a teacher realizes the interests and aptitudes of a student, she should encourage her to pursue them while continuing to stress the importance of basic subjects such as reading, writing, and math. I believe this scenario forms a solid foundation for a well-rounded person. The world we live in today is relative--knowledge is ever growingRead MoreA Teacher s Pedagogic Creed1608 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents; it seems like they play an active role in their students learning by finding a balance between developing a relationship with students but also not getting too involved with students lives. Through this style students proceed to do course work and then the teacher incorporates activities that encourage a students performance directly. The student’s have an active engagement in the classroom by social interactions and problem solving. When incorporated students also take an effective partRead MoreEssay on Being Unprepared for Adult Learning1693 Words   |  7 Pagessome of its students by not teaching them the correct set of models that will employ to be successful at the collegiate level. Completing some assignments may be difficult for the aforementioned student because they lack skills in rhetorically analyzing and critically thinking. Skills like these play a huge role in the adult education world. For example, we’ll use these skills to complete classes with satisfactory grades, then continue to use these skills after we graduate and move into the workingRead MoreTeaching Methods : Banking And Problem Posing1580 Words   |  7 Pagesof personal experience. There are many reasons why Freire claims that problem-posing is the better of the two. The problem-posing technique, which is a liberating education, overall helps not only the students, but the teachers as well, because they work together. Since problem-posing is a liberating education, it acts as cognition, not just the idea of â€Å"depositing† the information into students (Freire, 1993). In the Pedagogy of the Oppressed, it stated that the teacher-student and the student-teacherRead MoreEffectiveness Of Interactive Online Algebra Learning Tools1693 Words   |  7 Pagesthe observed differences were not significant enough to conclude a real difference between using interactive graphing tools and not using these tools. To be honest, the discussion of the data obtained from the study is difficult to follow and comprehend because of terminology used such as â€Å"skewness and kurtosis values,† â€Å"negatively skewed and leptokurtic,† and â€Å"ANOVA using the Type III SS set.† Aside from the research that I did in order to understand the terminology, I did find that the graphsRead MoreComputer Science Is Not A Basic Complexity1808 Words   |  8 Pagesand math classes have increased in the past 20 years, the number of students enrolled in computer science has actually decreased. This can be attributed to the neglect exhibited by schools on computer science. In these 20 years, 1 billion computers have been built which makes computer science â€Å"integrated†: so baked into human life that it is not surprising to encounter, with social, technological, and futuristic aspects of the world. Unlike other integrated disciplines such as English or math, computerRead MoreAre Tee ns Magazines Be Considered As Academic Writings?1819 Words   |  8 Pagesperson view. Therefore, the strengths of the arguments are stated assertively, using language that is impersonal, not aggressive or indifferent. Diction refers to the choice of words an author uses and is heavily considered when writing a scholarly work. Awareness of the words used in the paper is vital in an academic writing because words that have almost the same denotation, a dictionary definition, can have unalike connotations, a slang definition. This is true in academic writing because wordsRead MoreMeta-Cognitive Process1794 Words   |  8 PagesCognitive strategies are the basic mental abilities we use to think, study, and learn (e.g., recalling information from memory, analyzing sounds and images, making associations between or comparing/ contrasting different pieces of information, and making inferences or interpreting text). They help an individual achieve a particular goal, such as comprehending text or solving a math problem, and they can be individually identified and measured. In contrast, metacognitive strategies are used to ensure that

The Everlasting Child Wuthering Heights - 1832 Words

The Everlasting Child Wuthering Heights’s Catherine Earnshaw is infamous for her complex character, some arguing that she is manipulative, others sympathizing with the difficult choices she is faced with. However, there is no doubt that she is innately childish. As Catherine grows older, her character is not changed; she remains juvenile and selfish, making everything a game that revolves around her. In a sense, her mindset never progresses past one of a child. As Sigmund Freud wrote in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, â€Å"What makes an infant characteristically different from every other stage of human life is that the child is polymorphously perverse†. Children are dominated by what Freud†¦show more content†¦Catherine s relationship with Nelly, her maid, fully demonstrates her childlike characteristics in that she is selfish, and will do anything to obtain what she wants, in addition to having no perception of othe r people s feelings - as Nelly observes and experiences. Having been a part of each stage of her life, Nelly watches Catherine grow up and sees the relationships she forms and how they develop. Therefore, Nelly is both a part of and a spectator of Catherine’s entire selfish life, in which we can clearly see Catherine’s lack of maturity and selfishly childish behavior. As a child, Catherine has an â€Å"inability to conceive any other viewpoints except her own† (Thromahlen, 5). According to Nelly, she has â€Å"never [been] so happy as when [authoritative figures] were all scolding her at once, and she defying [them] with her bold, saucy look, and her ready words†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Brontà « 43). She continues to harass her father and Nelly for no reason other than for personal pleasure - a selfish, childlike action. Furthermore, as she grows older her egocentric behavior towards everybody does not change. Mimicking a child, Catherine behaves spoiledly and irrationa lly when she is upset, embarrassed, or does not receive what she wants. When Nelly would not leave the room after

Department of Social and Decision Sciences †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Department of Social and Decision Sciences. Answer: Introduction: Currently, there is little clarity regarding the costs and benefits of climate change to the world economy. An economic analysis helps understand the impact of climate change on the economy of any country and to make decisions regarding sacrificing present economic growth for long-term benefits to the economy. This paper helps provides an understanding on how climate change is a relevant economic phenomenon since it represent a market failure. Additionally, it outlines how consumption in the future and uncertainty regarding the consumption growth of future generations affects the decision-making process of limiting emissions in the present time. It also provides a brief understanding on how a national policy on climate is tied to its growth as well as to global growth. It is important to note that throughout the paper, it is assumed that economic growth (represented by consumption) is dependent on availability of environmental resources which are limited. Climate change is often described as market failure. This is simply due to the fact that policy intervention is required to correct the possible harmful effects of climate change. If countries had to face the effects of climate change proportional to their emissions, then there would have been a market driven response to the problem and countries would have acted to reduce their emissions. However, given that climate change does not have isolated effects and there is no natural mechanism to correct this problem and given that its negative effects are felt by the world as one community, there must be social mechanisms or policy interventions to correct climate change.(Stern, 2007)(Thomas, 2017) Climate change is a result of the market not considering some social costs into valuation. Some of these non-valuations include: Some of the forms of market failure of climate change are: The impact on climate due to warming caused by Green House Gas emissions. : Non- Valuation of Clean Air, water etc. as economic goods Subsidies on Fossil Fuels The lack of any policy levers will lead to the failure of climate change adaptation and innovations to reduce the social costs of climate change since policy levers drive the market to pay for the social costs or impose checks (quotas) on the externalities of every economic activity. In the absence of adaptation measures, effects of climate change such as floods, droughts etc. would have serious impact on growth and GDP. The consequences of this market failure would be felt on the society, specifically, the increased health care costs due to the effects of global warming and lack of clean air, the amount of impact on more vulnerable communities, loss of future growth due to diminishing availability of natural resources, disruptions caused in the economy due to extreme temperatures etc. (Thomas, 2017) Climate change is an example of market failure because pricing of economic activities do no take into account the negative externalities to the environment. A Negative externality or a diseconomy is, mathematically, a (negative) deviation of Marginal Private Cost (MPC) from the marginal social cost. According to Lipsey Chrystal, (2011) Private costs are those costs that are incurred by parties that are involved directly in the Economic activity and Social costs are those costs that are borne by the society . Hence, the marginal private costs refers to the private cost of the last producing the last unit produced or providing services to the last consumer serviced. The Marginal Social Cost is a valuation of the impact borne by the society in the production of the last unit of good or services. Negative externalities decrease the social good i.e. they have harmful effects or cause inconvenience to the public, in general. (Lipsey Chrystal, 2011) The following is a diagram of the negative externalities and the loss of social good resulting from it. The Marginal Private Costs in the cost of mining coal from around the area. This cost does not include the costs that society has to bear due to the mining. The Marginal social Cost includes the valuation of losses resulting from the mining of coal in the area. The loss of social good is the difference between the two.(Riley, 2005). Reduction or phasing out subsidies: A 2015 IMF report estimated that subsidies advanced towards fossil fuel have an annual cost of $5.3 Trillion dollars to consumers and tax payers. Pricing the consumers of fossil fuel at actual will help get rid of this distortion. (Stern, 2007)(International Monetary Fund, 2015) Carbon Pricing and Carbon Pricing: Taxing emissions based to the aggregate negative externalities caused will help reduce extent of the market failure. This is known as carbon pricing. Apart from pricing carbon, all Green House Gas can be calculated in terms of carbon units (similar to converting all currencies into dollar terms) and all economic activities must minimize their carbon units like they would minimize costs. In order to exceed the quota of carbon emissions, carbon credits would have to be purchased by producers. This is known as carbon trading.(Stern, 2007)(Holderhead, 2016) Carbon pricing will help remove losses depicted in the above diagram. Encouraging innovation in technologies that help solve he problem of climate change: The problem of climate change is that of providing better technology. Hence, subsidizing innovation is important.(Stern, 2007) Arrow, in his analysis, treated the Green House Emissions resulting from economic activities as an environmental good. If Green House Gas Emissions are goods, then the problems caused by Greenhouse Gas Emissions then the social costs are the costs and the benefits of reducing GHG emissions are the benefits. According to Arrow The benefits of reduced GHG emissions last for centuries, but mitigation costs are borne today.(Arrow K. J., 2007) This implies that investment in the benefits of mitigation of greenhouse gases for the future must be borne and made by present generations. However, for the utility (assuming this to be the benefits of current economic growth) of today, to be substituted for the utility of tomorrow, the benefits accrued from the GHG reductions must be greater than the utility foregone today. This is akin to making savings in the present, in order to ensure growth in the future (Frederick, 1999). Additionally Arrow Stated that is the rate at which society (i.e., the social planner) discounts the utility of future generations i.e. the rate at which the rate at which society would trade consumption in year t for consumption in the present (measured by Net Present Value of Consumption.(Arrow, et al., 2011) According to Arrow, utility of consumption is similar to the dimi nishing marginal utility concept. Very simply put, the more of consumption (total consumed in a society) that a generation has, the less social benefit (utility) they may derive from it. In the diagram, the curve is concave to the origin because this rate of returns gained from sacrificing consumption (i.e the rate at which present gains are transformed in future gains) in present for the future consumption keeps diminishing. In the context of a society, as consumption rises, its social benefits tend to diminish and the total social value of consumption tends to have diminishing returns. When the values of are high, it implies that future social utility (benefits) is declines at greater rate with an increase in consumption. Hence, is the slope of this curve also known as Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS). If g is higher, it means that the real growth of consumption is higher i.e the future generations are wealthier (for example, in the context of natural resources availability, they have a greater availability of resources for growth). Higher g for the future, implies, higher growth rate in the future. If is high, then it would imply that the future benefits may be preferable than future consumption and would make the case for a greater sacrifice in the present. The effect of an uncertain g to a great extent relies on whether the utility of future generations is evaluated at a constant rate or at a declining rate. The impact, therefore, is based on assumptions and is a matter of practice and policy. (Arrow, et al., 2011) Uncertainty comes from various factors such as how long a time horizon is being taken into account and the actual growth of consumption over that time horizon. In an interpretation of Ramseys formula, uncertainty regarding g would imply that there would precautionary effect i.e. society would tend to prefer present consumption and it would reduce the discount rate (Arrow, et al., 2011). According to Arrow, uncertainty about g would imply that any shocks in consumption would have a greater impact. In case of a catastrophe, there will be a greater impact on g, if there is uncertainty. However, if the supply shock is positive, the effect might be reversed i.e. if there are new renewable resources discovered that would help increase the growth potential of the future consumption, then supply shocks are negatively correlated. Hence, in order to maintain g, the society must take greater precautions. The certainty equivalent discount rate will decline. The more uncertainty there is regardin g g the more will the value of discount rate decline over a period of time. The article talks about the trade offs between giving up the benefits of giving up on fossil fuel based electricity i.e. lower emissions versus the costs of giving up on consumption of fossil fuel based electricity i.e. higher electricity prices in the present and its effect on growth. (Morton, 2017) A decrease in the supply of fossil fuel in the current times due to coal power plants become obsolete or due to the presence of moratoriums on gas production. This has led to an aggregate reduction in electricity in supply of electricity from fossil fuels. (Morton, 2017) This implies that the discount rate for future consumption i.e. is high and the availability of the consumption utility for future generations of Australia is high. The saving rate of natural resources is high in such a case. However, there must be an evaluation to understand whether the benefits accrued from such heavy discount are worth the returns. Such a trade off can be evaluated on various parameters. For example, growth in population could be one parameter. Australia is expected to grow at a rate of 3% in 2018 while its population is expected to grow at 1.4 % per annum. (Roca, 2013)(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2017).The trade-off is to maintain the current consumption and maintaining a saving rate to ensure optimal economic growth for the future population. A slow down in the natural resources sector coal, gas etc. will drag the present economic growth rate down.(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2017). However, the population of Australia is also expected to grow. (Roca, 2013)Hence, consumption and production of goods are expected to grow. This implies that the level of electricity generation must cope up with the growth in demand for electricity due to increased growth rate, in the present. Hence, the present value of electricity consumption is high. This may diminish since NPV of electricity is high. The above diagram depicts that electricity related emissions in Australia are set to be lower because of relatively flat demand for electricity in the country and decrease in intensity of electricity production.(ACIL Allen Consulting, 2016) Hence, decreasing electricity related emissions is not a priority . In this analysis, it is also important to take into consideration that the population of Australia. The population of Australia is expected to be at 38.5 million.(Roca, 2013) However, the population of Australia is expected to grow at a diminishing rate which means that the demand for electricity would grow at a diminishing rate. (Roca, 2013). If demand for electricity follows the growth in population as well as growth in consumption, then the demand for electricity g would, also, grow and diminish later on. However, the negative externalities of production of electricity are very large. The shut down of coal plants presents an opportunity for policy intervention as there is an opportunity to take decision on what kind of fuel would be used to generate electricity in the future. The government could reduce the social cost of reducing the component by creating policies that would incentivize the production of clean energy. According to the article, in spite of abolishing a carbon tax on the production of electricity, the prices of electricity have increased. This suggests that demand for electricity has grown at a high rate. To summarize, Australia would need to reduce electricity price, in order to maintain growth in the near term. Hence, the government could increase the supply of fossil- fuel based electricity by increasing the supply of gas-fired electricity plants. (Morton, 2017)The government could, also, adopt an emission intensity based system for production of gas.(Morton, 2017) Emission intensity based system caps the emissions allowed from every sector of economy and provides disincentives to companies that do not follow the caps. According to the scheme, energy producers that produce electricity with carbon emissions that are below the baseline could earn credits which could be sold to other producers who produce electricity with emissions above the baseline. It is a form of carbon trading. (Holderhead, 2016) In Arrows formula p is the term that denotes time preference. According to Arrow, at any given point of time , equals the sum of the utility rate of discount () and the rate of growth in consumption between t and the present (g) weighted by (minus) the elasticity of marginal utility of consumption (). This simply means that how much present consumption growth to consumption would be preferred to consumption in the later generations. In case of a non-ratification of the Paris Climate Change Agreement, the policy simply implies that the administration considers the present benefits to be greater than the future benefits. However, it must be added that p adds to the impact of growth but does not affect the sensitivity of the future growth of consumption or the elasticity of the social benefit of consumption. In mathematical analysis, a lower p would have an effect of lowering the component. In order to maintain equilibrium, either the g component would have to be higher or the component would have to be lower. In the diagram below, curves P1 and P2 represent the preference combination or how much is present consumption preferred to future consumption. Curves CDC1 and CDC2, represent the slopes or the Marginal Rate of Time Preference (MRTP) of Future Consumption to Present Consumption. In the diagram below, as the present consumptions is preferred to future consumption, the future consumption is lower as well as the discount rate is lower. This is reflected as a shift from 0 to 1 . The USA in June 2017 took a stance of withdrawing from the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015 citing the negative effect of such a pact on the economic growth of USA in the nearer term.(Shear, 2017). This policy indicates a high time preference. In case of the policy stance taken by Mr. Trump, the President of USA, the social rate of preference is already set (i.e. a preference for present utility is made instead of being descriptive i.e determined based on research and analysis) and it would be very high. In such a case, the discount rate would be lower. Either the society must allow to be lower or make an effort to increase the total value g component on the right hand side of the equation by increasing the consumption/production frontier.. In the diagram above, the society will shift from P1 curve to P2 curve. In the diagram, the point where 0 and the marginal rate of substitution are equal, is the equilibrium point Eo. This is the point where the society has the right balance of the time preference as well as the future benefits that is wants. However, of the society wants to increase its time preference, then it must accept a lower discount rate (1 ) or function at a higher preference curve (P2 ) with a higher consumption demand curve. One way of interpreting this is that future generations would have to find more innovative solutions to increase g component and to ensure a positive g component and the task of discovering technologies or processes by which the marginal social cost of attaining growth is low (in order to minimize ). In order to increase g, increasing the capacity of production from renewable resources is important because the social costs of renewable energy tend to be low. In addition, there are capacity constraints presented by non-renewable resources since the supply of non-renewable resources cannot be increased. In case there is no increase in capacity for production, future generations would have to be more willing to sacrifice their consumption i.e they must have a lower preference for consumption growth in the future. An implication of this analysis is that that policy interventions act as a platform that would make future consumption easier. If policy interventions have a high time preference then, effectively, we are taking away from the consumption of the future generations since the consumption curve would shift to the left. Given that climate change is a global phenomenon, the values assigned are applicable globally. The implication is that we assign a low value for globally. This implies that countries that might grow in the future (for example, African nations) would have to make proportionately larger compensations in the consumption of environmental goods (here, emissions) for their economic growth as compared to countries like USA, that are responsible for more emissions in the current scenario. Bibliography ACIL Allen Consulting. (2016). Electricity emissions modelling for Australias emissions projections. Brisbane: ACIL Allen. Arrow, K. J. (2007, June). Global Climate Change:A Challenge to Policy. Economists' Voice . Arrow, K. J., Cropper, M. L., Gollier, C., Groom, B., Heal, G. M., Newell, R. G., et al. (2011). How Should Benefits and Costs Be Discounted in an Intergenerational Context? The Views of an Expert Panel. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. Department of Environment and Energy, Commonwealth of Australia . (2016). Australias emissions projections 2016. Australia: Commonwealth of Australia . Frederick, S. (1999). Discounting, Time Preference, and Identity. USA: Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University. Holderhead, S. (2016, December 5). Energy Intensity Scheme - instead of Carbon Tax pushed for Australia's Struggling Electricity Market. Retrieved August 31, 2017, from The Advertiser: www.adelaidenow.au International Monetary Fund. (2015). IMF Survey: Counting the Cost of Energy Subsidies. Paris: International Monetary Fund. Lipsey, R., Chrystal, A. (2011). Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Morton, A. (2017, March 08). Energy crisis: Wholesale power prices have doubled since the carbon tax was axed. Retrieved August 31, 2017, from The Sydney Morning HEral: https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/energy-crisis-wholesale-power-prices-have-doubled-sice-the-carbon-tax-was-axed-20170308-gutf8t.html Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2017). Going for Growth : Australia. OECD. Riley, G. (2005). European Economy in Focus. BerkShire (UK) : Tutor 2 u online. Roca, F. (2013, November 27). Australia's Population Set to Double to 46 Million by 2075, Australian Bureau of Statistic Projections Set to Slow. Retrieved August 31, 2017, from ABC News: www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-27/australia's-population-set-to-double-by-2075/511775 Shear, M. D. (2017, June 1). Trump Will Withdraw U.S. From Paris Climate Agreement. Retrieved August 21, 2017, from The New York Times: https//nytimes.com/2017/06/01/climate/trump-plparis-climate-agreement.html Stern, S. N. (2007, November 29). Stern: Climate Change A 'MArket Failure'. (A. Benjamin, Interviewer) Thomas, V. (2017, July 12). The Danger of Dismissing Market Failures. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from Brookings Insitute: htttp/www.brookings.edu/the-danger-of-dismissing-market-failure

People and Leadership

Abstract During the development of youth employment programs as a pilot project, the Department of Employment faced an issue associated with the ineffective leadership. The project failed because of problems with the work of the team. Several employees quitted participating in the project development after six weeks because of the overwork and exhaustion.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on People and Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The analysis of the case demonstrates that the leader set unrealistic deadlines for the project completion, and the schedule was organized inefficiently. Moreover, there were no clear goals communicated to the employees to coordinate their work. The necessity to replace the employees who rejected to participate in the team made the leadership decide on shifting responsibilities, and employees spent much time for adapting to the work for which they did not have enough expe rience. In addition, they did not receive the necessary training. The informal leader of the team became to act as a manager, and his tasks contradicted the previously set objectives. As a result, the project was frozen. To address the leadership and management problems, it is planned to reorganize the project team with the focus on the scope of tasks and concrete goals. Thus, the number of high-skilled employees in the team needs to be increased. The followed leadership style should be improved with the focus on supportive or inspirational leadership. The proposed schedule and deadlines should be set depending on concrete objectives and the working potential of the staff. These actions are necessary to overcome the problematic situation and predict failures in the future. People and Leadership Case Study The development of new programs and policies is typical for such agencies as the Department of Employment. However, there are cases when the development and implementation of the p rogram can fail because of the inappropriate leadership and management. The team working on the youth employment program faced a problem of completing the pilot project because the leader invited the unreasonable number of employees (6 individuals) for the 12-week project. The scope of the tasks was considerable, but there were only weekly meetings, and the final goal was not communicated appropriately. The leader avoided any additional discussions of the projects, but he encouraged the overwork. As a result, two employees quitted the team because of unclear tasks and the increased stress levels. This situation made the leader re-distribute the duties among new team members, but they were expected to demonstrate high results in a week to fit in the schedule. The productivity decreased because they had no enough skills, and no additional training was provided. The lack of communication and motivation from the leader made team members choose the informal leader and insist on freezing the project.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The discussed issues are important because they indicate how the ineffective planning and communication strategies selected by the leader can affect the success of the whole project because employees are stressed and not aware of the goals (Van Wart, 2014; Yukl, 2014).  The problem was in the fact that the pilot project developed by the team failed because of the leader’s impossibility to make effective decisions regarding the distribution of tasks among employees, planning, setting deadlines, and communicating. Therefore, it is important to propose improvements in the sphere of organizing the teamwork, planning tasks, appointing responsible persons, communicating with employees and motivating them. In addition to summarizing the issues in the case, this paper aims to present the analysis of the situation with the fo cus on the MORETOOLS framework and the leadership role in the project failure. In addition, the solution is proposed, and conclusions are made regarding the case importance for the future practice. The Analysis of the Case Mission and Purpose of the Agency The mission of the Department of Employment is to develop policies and implement programs that are effective to address the employment questions in Australia while creating the advantageous environments for employees. The purpose of the Department’s activities is to improve the current policies and develop new ones to address unemployment issues and protect the vulnerable categories of the population in terms of employment. As a result, the mission is to create the secure and socially friendly workplaces for the Australians (Australian Government Department of Employment, 2015). The mission and purpose are followed while planning and implementing any project oriented to reforming the current policy or proposing a new one. O bjectives of the Manager Guided by the main agency’s mission, each unit of the department has its own management team, and it is responsible for developing concrete projects with specific objectives. The objective of a manager responsible for introducing new employment campaigns for the youth in Australia is to develop programs addressing the mission regarding the secure and advantageous environment and launch them within the fixed period of time. In the near future, the aim is to organize the work of a project team. Therefore, in the critical situation of the project failure, the leader of the unit and team is responsible for completing such short-term objectives as the reorganization of the team and the implementation of the new working strategy to achieve higher results and improve productivity (Felà ­cio, Gonà §alves, da Conceià §Ãƒ £o Gonà §alves, 2013, p. 2140). The team reorganization is necessary to respond to such problems as the exhaustion, impossibility to add ress the deadline, and low-quality outcomes of the project work. The manager’s long-term objective in this case is to create the single unit in the agency formed of experts in the area of the youth and employment.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on People and Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Risks and Problems Focusing on the discussed project failure and such manager’s objectives as the organization of the team’s work to address schedules and high productivity, it is possible to prioritize identified leadership risks and problems in the following manner: The absence of the clearly communicated goal and adequate training sessions, team meetings, and discussions of the progress. Ineffective distribution of roles and tasks among the team members that leads to the employees’ exhaustion. The lack of the progress monitoring and coordination according to the observed success. The inappropriateness of the fixed schedule in relation to the scope of the project and tasks that lead to the inability to address deadlines. The performance of the leadership role by more than one team member. The failure of first pilot projects in relation to proposing the effective program in the sphere of youth employment within the fixed deadlines depends on the absence of clearly communicated goal of the project to guide the team members’ activities. Thus, the leader used only the formal approach to informing the team about the project goal. The ideas were shared and discussed during weekly meetings, the additional training was not provided, and the discussion of the progress was limited and irregular. Focusing on the theory of ethical and motivating leadership, the leader failed to demonstrate the supportive communication style to inspire employees to achieve higher results (Schyns Schilling, 2013). The employees lacked the opportunity to be informed of the short-te rm goals and progress, as well as to receive the additional consultation or guidelines.  In addition, the leader distributed the tasks and roles within the project team without referring to the employees’ position responsibilities. Certain team members were not skilled enough to adapt their knowledge to the new area and perform successfully. According to De Vries, Bakker-Pieper, and Oostenveld (2010), such persons experience much stress while adapting to new conditions and cannot demonstrate high results within the short period of time. The leader did not motivate employees to perform better in the new area because of failing to provide opportunities for training and adaptation (Schyns Schilling, 2013, p. 139). In this situation, the schedule was proposed without focusing on such risks as the inability to employees to complete tasks before starting the other project stage. As a result, the lack of the necessary monitoring and coordination led to failures in addressing the project deadlines. The other important problem is the appearance of another informal leader as a result of the lack of the main leader’s communication with the team (De Vries, Bakker-Pieper, Oostenveld, 2010, p. 369). The absence of trust in the leader’s competence and success led to delegating some leadership responsibilities to the informal team leader at the final period of the project development. The reason is that feeling the constant stress, employees need support, and the informal participative leadership works better than the task-oriented formal leadership in this case.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More External and Internal Actors and the Environment While focusing on the approaches to reorganize the teamwork to complete the primary project effectively in contrast to the pilot ones, it is necessary to analyze the role of stakeholders in the process. The most influential actors are the staff of the Department of Employment. To address the problem and predict further failures, it is necessary to organize the collaboration of the team leader and the agency’s human resources coordinators who can provide the additional training for the team members in the context of the project (Yukl, 2014). In addition, the reorganization of the current team leads to inviting other professionals working in the Department to complete set tasks with the focus on their expertise and skills. The external stakeholders include the youth because the project is developed to address their needs and the social organizations working with the young people. It is important to plan more time for analyzing th e statistical information regarding the situation in the sphere of youth employment and collaborate with the Bureau of Statistics. Tools and Constraints The observed project failure can be analyzed in terms of contributing tools and determined constraints. One of the most important tools contributing to the project success is the skilled employees (Van Wart, 2014). The employees were skilled enough in their particular areas, but they needed the additional experience to work in the areas determined by the leader. As a result, the potential tool became discussed as a constraint. At the current stage, the available tools include the required number of the high-quality employees, the availability of the skilled workforce, and the increased funds for the project completion. However, barriers to the project improvement and the reorganization of the team are still significant. The observed constraints include strict deadlines, lack of the training, lack of the set time for employees meetin gs, and underdeveloped communication channels. If a leader fails to overcome barriers with the focus on the available tools, the primary projects can also fail. Opportunities In spite of being associated with a crisis in the leadership, the discussed situation provides many opportunities for the manager to develop the new model of the work in the agency. The reorganization of the teamwork associated with projects in the concrete sphere leads to the development of the specific working model or pattern that improves the performance and increases the productivity of the staff. If a new proposed strategy for managing the project is effective enough, the small number of the skilled employees can complete the larger number of tasks within the limited period of time (Felà ­cio et al., 2013). The leader needs to organize the work of the team in such a way that this team can serve as the expert team for providing consultancy in further similar projects to decrease the time and costs associa ted with the training of other employees. Outcomes and Elements of a Stable Solution To achieve the efficient solution to the determined problem associated with the project failure in the agency, it is necessary to focus on the outcomes of the proposed solution to discuss it as stable and sustainable: The team working on the development of programs comprises out of the adequate number of employees that is correlated with the scope of the project. 80% of assigned tasks are completed at the high-quality level. The productivity of the team increases by 25%. The team works according to the stated schedule, and delays decrease by 30%. The leadership is effective, and the monitoring of the project progress is regular. The degree of cooperation between employees representing different project teams and units of the Department increases by 20%. The level of the stress in employees decreases by 25%. These outcomes of the solution are identified as important because the discussed aspects le d to the failure of pilot projects, and the planned reorganization is aimed to address these issues. Long-Term Improvement The improved approach to organizing the team regarding its size and responsibilities will lead to optimizing the work of the staff and reducing associated costs. Thus, the increases in funds can be required only for the additional training of employees and their compensation. The other long-term benefits include the changes in the approach to the leadership in the organization. It is important to focus on developing the role model of a leader who is flexible, emotionally involved, motivating, communicable, and decisive (Yukl, 2014, p. 121). The currently followed task-oriented leadership style is not appropriate, and the reorganization of the teamwork can also lead to shifting to the supportive and even inspirational leadership styles (Van Wart, 2014). In addition, the long-term improvement involves the enhancement of the work with external stakeholders with the focus on building partnerships with social organizations oriented to the youth well-being and development. Strategies for Actions To solve the identified problems and address the future risks in leadership and management of projects on the subject of youth employment, it is necessary to formulate the clear steps for the solution implementation. The first step is contacting the HRM team, unit leaders, and project coordinators for forming the working team that will include the increased number of skilled employees with the expertise in the sphere of youth and employment programs development. It is also necessary to discuss the opportunities for the training sessions.  The second step is the actual formation of the working group. Those persons who worked on the pilot projects need to be invited to work further. Those employees who experienced the stress and problems in communicating with the leader needs to be replaced with the representatives of other units to increase the workforc e potential. Only high-quality professionals are expected to be invited for the work. This approach guarantees the reasonable distribution of tasks among team members. The third step is the identification of the communication channels to share ideas, visions, tasks, and feedbacks. It is necessary to plan not only weekly meetings but also face-to-face sessions and e-mail reports, as well as training sessions. The next step is the development of the realistic schedule for achieving the goal and completing concrete tasks. It is important to take into account the time for training, meetings, completing tasks, coordinating tasks, revising, and addressing possible barriers while planning the schedule and setting the deadline. The tough deadline is one of the main constraints for this project. Thus, the effective leader needs to develop the schedule while addressing the objectives and responding to the real work potential of the team without leading them to the burnout (Schyns Schilling, 2013). Another point is the correlation of the available workforce and deadlines with the proposed funds. The distribution of resources should depend on the project goals and the number of involved employees. When the communication channels are determined, and the schedule is set, it is important to motivate employees to work at completing tasks for achieving the concrete goal. Therefore, the next step is the building of the cooperating team during the first weeks of the project through the effective communication and supportive leadership. This step also includes the building of partnerships with social organizations and the Bureau of Statistics to receive the outdated information on changes in the sphere.  Ã‚  It is also important to address such constraints as the set short deadlines for projects and destructive leadership. The deadlines need to be set with the focus on the scope of tasks and its priority for the Department. The manager demonstrating the destructive leadership techniques needs to be replaced with the other person, who was discussed as the informal leader during the development of pilot projects (Schyns Schilling, 2013, p. 139). The range of tasks can be delegated according to the partnerships agreement with social organizations and the Bureau of Statistics. Assessment of the Potential for Success The effectiveness of the proposed strategy needs to be assessed in order to guarantee the completion of long-term goals. In this context, the assessment should include the following steps: the weekly monitoring of changes in the team workers’ quality of work and stress levels; the weekly monitoring of the achievements within the set schedule; the monthly monitoring of the performance and progress of the project implementation; evaluations of the individuals’ work with the focus on personal performance assessments. It is important for a leader to evaluate the employees’ attitudes to the work regularly in order to predict po ssible risky situations. Conclusion The Department of Employment faced a problem of developing the effective youth employment programs because the first pilot project failed to be appropriately developed and implemented by the project team. The analysis of the case demonstrated that the problem was in the destructive leadership techniques followed by the manager. As the result of the ineffective leadership, employees had to share responsibilities for which they did not have enough experience; they was not properly informed of the project goal and trained; they suffered from the tension to complete the unrealistic deadlines; and they chose the informal leader among them to address the stressful situation. In order to address similar problematic cases, it is necessary to reorganize the working team according to the project scope and goals. In addition, the selected project leader should follow the supportive or even inspirational leadership style to build a team that can effectively w ork to address the agency’s mission and develop secure and advantageous employment programs for the population, including your people. This case study analysis is important to refer to while discussing similar issues associated with the ineffective leadership, when a leader ignores interaction with the team, cannot communicate the objectives, cannot analyze the project scope, and determine what resources are required to achieve the goal. Moreover, this case study is an example of the leadership that cannot motivate employees, leading to their dissatisfaction. References Australian Government Department of Employment. (2015). De Vries, R. E., Bakker-Pieper, A., Oostenveld, W. (2010). Leadership = communication? The relations of leaders’ communication styles with leadership styles, knowledge sharing and leadership outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(3), 367-380. Felà ­cio, J. A., Gonà §alves, H. M., da Conceià §Ãƒ £o Gonà §alves, V. (2013). Social valu e and organizational performance in non-profit social organizations: Social entrepreneurship, leadership, and socioeconomic context effects. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2139-2146. Schyns, B., Schilling, J. (2013). How bad are the effects of bad leaders? A meta-analysis of destructive leadership and its outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 138-158. Van Wart, M. (2014). Leadership in public organizations: An introduction. New York, NY: Routledge. Yukl, G. (2014). Leadership in organizations. New York, NY: Prentice Hall. This case study on People and Leadership was written and submitted by user Finnegan Gallegos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.